Stop-Motion Animation

From King Kong to Wallace & Gromit to Anomalisa. The animation form whose physical-puppet basis gives it weight no CGI character has quite matched.

Stop-motion animation is one of cinema's oldest forms — King Kong (1933) was substantially stop-motion — and one of the most-labor-intensive. The technique requires physically posing puppets for each frame of film, typically at 12 or 24 frames per second. A standard feature-length stop-motion film requires roughly 100,000-150,000 individual frame-poses. Production schedules run 2-4 years.

What stop-motion delivers, in exchange for the labour, is a specific physical weight that CGI animation still does not quite match. The puppets are real objects in real light; the lighting interacts with actual physical surfaces; the imperfections of the medium (the slight shake of an imperfectly-locked puppet, the texture of the felt or clay) read as physical presence rather than as digital artefact.

The Aardman Animations tradition

  • Wallace & Gromit: The Wrong Trousers (1993) — Nick Park. The thirty-minute short that established Aardman.
  • Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit (2005) — Park. Best Animated Feature Oscar.
  • Chicken Run (2000) — Park and Peter Lord. Aardman's first feature."
  • Wallace & Gromit: Vengeance Most Fowl (2024) — Park and Merlin Crossingham. The most-recent Aardman feature."

The Laika tradition

Laika is the Portland-based stop-motion studio whose output across the 2010s has been the most-ambitious continuous run in the form's history.

  • Coraline (2009) — Henry Selick. Adapted from Neil Gaiman.
  • ParaNorman (2012) — Sam Fell and Chris Butler."
  • The Boxtrolls (2014) — Anthony Stacchi and Graham Annable."
  • Kubo and the Two Strings (2016) — Travis Knight. The most-visually-ambitious Laika feature."
  • Missing Link (2019) — Chris Butler."

The Wes Anderson stop-motion films

  • Fantastic Mr. Fox (2009)Wes Anderson. Roald Dahl adaptation."
  • Isle of Dogs (2018) — Anderson. Near-future Japan."

The other significant entries

  • The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993) — Henry Selick (despite the 'Tim Burton's' branding). The mid-career Selick stop-motion landmark."
  • Anomalisa (2015) — Charlie Kaufman and Duke Johnson. The first adult stop-motion drama released to mainstream theatrical."
  • Pinocchio (2022) — Guillermo del Toro and Mark Gustafson. Best Animated Feature Oscar. Netflix release."

Why the form keeps producing significant work

Stop-motion's labour-intensive production process is, in some sense, a structural advantage. The directors who commit to the form are doing so deliberately, with full awareness of the production costs. They are typically not making films they could have made more easily in another medium; they are making films whose specific aesthetic the medium uniquely supports. The result is a tradition of stop-motion work that, decade after decade, includes some of the most-distinctive animation features being produced.

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